
The top photo is a view of my pond with the camera’s zoom lens set at

The middle photo was shot at the lens’ full telephoto setting of 200 mm. Note how much closer the spill pipe appears.
These focal lengths must be multiplied by 1.6 in order to know

In the bottom image, I replaced the zoom lens with my Meade ETX 90 telescope; attaching it to the Canon Digital Rebel XTi camera with adapters. The telescope has a focal length of 1,200 mm and was used without an eyepiece for this image.
With inexpensive, digital cameras your composition usually is limited to the range of the zoom lens built into the camera. The digital, single lens reflex, camera offers a nearly unlimited range of lens choices.
The extremes at the upper end, however, extract a toll in the form of price as well as size and weight, the latter of which become limiting factors in their portability.
Yet, as you can see, today’s technology offers the serious amateur photographer a wide range of optical tools.